Ventilation



Sept. 12, 1933. P s 1 1,926,295

VENT ILATI ON Filed June 24, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet l W1 INESSES I N VENTOR 7%DAJZ Z Z Jerr S 27mm,

7 I TTORNEYSv Sept. 12, 1933- P s fi-m 1,926,295

VENTILATION Filed June 24, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 JE & 5956 55 1 N VENTOR:

gym 59 Berry ,52 12mm,

BY I i 1 I TORNEU P. s. MARTIN VENTILATION Sept. 12, 1933..

Filed June 24, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR: Ben i J ,Dmfizzz,

TTORNEYS.

Sept. 12, 1933. P. s. MARTIN 1,926,295

" VENTILATION Filed June 24, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 FIG LE; 7 Ffi 1:

FIG 21 1% 500: 171

v 2 1Z5 9 4%: i 5; $352: a T I I 2565 l I, I 1 W [I I j INVENTOR: 25 mlF g? 108 106' TORNEYS.

P. S. MARTIN Sept. 12, 1933.

VENTILATION Filed June 24, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR: Berry ,5.Marina, %T0RNEYS.

Patented Sept. 12, 1933 UNITED STATES VENTILATION Perry S. Martin,Harrisonburg, Va. Application June 24, 1930. Serial No. 463,401

' 8Claims. (Cl. 98 -3 2) This invention relates to ventilation, and isconcerned with methods of ventilation as well as with apparatus for thepurpose.

Considered from the broadest standpoint, my

invention is directed toward automatically maintaining, in individualchambers of a building, a continuous effective movement or circulationof air to bring about thorough diffusion withatten'dant proportionatereplacement by fresh outside air, so that the humidity, air purity andtemperature is keptsubstantially uniform atall levels in all portions ofthe chambers regardless of fluctuations in external wind pressure ortemperature.

The foregoing desideratum I aim to attain without the aidofmechanicalmeans to induce forcedcirctdation, by admitting fresh outside airthrough one of the walls of thechamber which is to be ventilated,preferably the front wall or that wall containing the greatest number ofwindows,

- at several points near the ceiling of the chamber;

downwardly of the front walL'then rearwardly in the lower portion of thechamber, then upward of theirear wall, and finally forward in the upperpart of the chamber.

Further objects of my invention are toprovide in connection withventilating apparatus, designed for the attainment of the aboveindicated ends; simple and reliable means whereby the rate of airdisplacement in'the chamber, as well as the temperature, may be veryaccurately controlled and regulated. 3

Still further objects and attendant advantages of this invention will bemanifest from the detailed description following considered inconjunction with the attached drawings, whereof Fig. I showsa sectionalView of a single chambered building equipped with novel apparatussuitable to the practice of my improved method of ventila tion.'

, Fig. II is an axial sectional view of the lower end of averticalexhaust conduit constituting a part of the equipment, drawn to a largerscale than in Fig. Land showing the main or lower air influx port withthe valve means for governing it. Fig. III is a cross sectional viewofthe exhaust conduit. taken as indicated bythe arrows III-III in Fig.=II. V i

and, Fig. XV is a detail illustration viewed as indi- Fig. IV is adetail view taken as indicated by the arrows IV..IV in Fig.'III.

Fig. V is an elevation of the upperportion of the exhaust conduit, witha portion thereof broken out to expose important details, and'showingthe supplemental relief port as well as a ther- Fig. IX is a sideelevation of..an alternative embodiment-of my invention with certainportions broken vout and others in section. Fig. X is an elevation ofthe modified embodimerit viewed from theright iof Fig.,IX.-'

Fig.'XI is a plan view.

Fig. XII is a fragmentary detail view taken as indicated bythe' arrowsXII-..-+XII in Fig. .Xand drawn to a larger scale.

Fig. XIII is a view corresponding to. Fig. II'

showing an alternative .formof valve means for governing the lower ormain airinflux portof the exhaust conduit. 1 Fig. XIV is a staggeredplan section taken as indicated by the arrows XIV-XIV in Fig. XIII;

cated by the arrows XV-XV in Fig.-XIII.

Thepictorialrepresentation in Fig. I is that of a poultry brooderorlaying house which hasbeen arbitrarily chosen for convenience in'illustrating one practical embodiment of my invention." As shown, thefront wall 15 of the'single chamber of the buildingisprovlded adjacenttheceiling 16, to opposite sides of the windows 17, 18, with fresh airintakes 19, 20; while a heating means 21 hav -ing in the presentinstance the form of ii/pipe radiator, is placed at or near the rearwall 22 of said chamber. At a suitable point centrally of the width ofthe chamber a cylindric air exhaust conduit 25 extends vertically from alevel above the floor, for a purpose later on again referred to, upthrough the rearwardly sloping roof of the build.-

ingat the highest end to theexterior where it is fitted with aventilator head 26, which may be of any approved design andconstruction. This conduit 25 is closed at the bottom, but at'a slightlyhigher level, it-has a lateral circumferentially-extending maininduction port 27 with a governing chamber for the purpose oftemperature control,

also as hereinafter fully set forth. Normally, the upper or supplementalport 28 is closed so that the exhaust of the air from the chamber takesplace chiefly through the lower or main port 27 which is normally open.

As detailed in Figs. II, III and IV, the valve means governing flow intothe lower circumferentially extending influx port 27 of the exhaustconduit 25 has the form of .a valve sleeve 30 which is somewhat smallerin diameter than said conduit so as to be freely movable up and downtherein. Buffers 31 of rubber or the like on the ends of diametral rods32, 33 extending at right angles crosswise of the top of the valvesleeve 30, limit vertical movement of the latter by contact with .theupper and lower edges of the port 27. The means for actuating the valvesleeve 30 includes a' counterbalanced compositely formed lever 34 withseparately attached extremities 35, 36 projecting to opposite sides ofacross piece 37. The ends of this cross piece-37 arefashioned to knifeedge configuration as at 38, Figs. II and IV, and rest in V-notches 39of a fulcrumbracket 40 secured by screws 41 to the outside of theexhaust conduit 25,

, the. lever 34being thereby pivotally supported with freedom fromfrictional restraint. The longer extremity 35 ofthe lever 34 passesinward through a vertical slot 42 in the tube 25, and has secured to itsfree end avertically disposed sector head 43. The arcuate face of thissector head 43 is tangential to the axis of the exhaust tube 25 andconcentric with the fulcrum axis of the lever 34. A chain 44, with itsupper end attached at 45 to the top of the sector head '43, serves tosupport the valve sleeve 30 in free suspension fromthe extremity 350ithe lever34, the lower end of said chain being connected to a juncturepiece 46 which is pierced for passage, of both of the diametral rods 32,33 of the valve sleeve 30, as shown in Fig. II. .Obviously, throughconfinement of the chain 44 tothecurvature of the sector head 43, aconstant efiective length is determined for th extremity'35 of. thelever 34 regardless of the different positions which the latter may takein action. Afrlxed to the inner end of a rod 47 extending'axiallythrough the extremity 35, of the lever 34 is a vane 48. This vane 48 isadaptedto be influenced by the velocity of the upward flow of exhaustair admitted into the conduit 25 by .way of the port 27, thereby toefiect automatic particularly. A weight 53, whereby the extremity 35 ofthe lever 34 and the parts supported by it are balanced, is suspendedbymeans of a flexible metallic strip 54 from a sector head 55 at theouter end-of the shorter extremity36 of said lever.

' floor level.

The effective length of the extremity 36 is thus maintained constantthroughout the range of movement of the lever 34 in the same manner asdescribed in connectionwith the extremity 35, said lever being therebyalways in perfect balance. The edges of the port 27 in the tube 25 arereinforced by externally applied metallic bands 56, 57 of heavy gage,and said bands are joined at circumferential intervals by verticalstraps 58 of like material. A vertically movable guard 59 made fromstout wire and surrounding the port 27 serves to protect the valvesleeve 30 against injury. In order to enable, from time to time, re-

moval of dirt and litter collecting inthe conduit 25, below the port 27,the bottom or closure diaphragm 62 is provided with an opening 61 which,as hereinbefore referred to, is located above the This opening 61 isnormally closed by a cover disk 63 which is pivoted to swing on afulcrum rivet 64 and accessible by sliding the guard 59 downward on thetube 25 temporarily out of the way. I

Except for the means by whichit is controlled, the valve mechanism forthe upper or supplemental port 28 in the exhaust tube 25 is generallysimilar to the means governing the port 27 in that it comprises, asshown in Figs. V and VI, a valve sleeve 65 with diametral cross rods 66,67 which are jointed at the center by a juncture piece 68 and fitted attheir outer ends with rubber buife'rs 69. ;These buifers 69, however,act as stops only by contact with the lower edge of the port 28, withassurance of silient operation and of an air tight juncture when thevalve sleeve 65 is in its normal or closed position. The lever 71 foractuating the valve sleeve 65, like .the lever 34 aforedescribed, is ofcomposite construction and ful-- crumed; with a knife edge pivot bearingon a bracket 72 secured to the outside of the exhaust conduit 25adjacenta vertical slot 73 through which the longer extremity 74 of said leverpasses into said conduit. The lever extremity 74 has attached to it asector head 75 wherefrom depends the suspensionv chain 76. for the valvesleeve 65. The shorter extremity 77 of the lever 71 is likewise fittedwith a sector head which is indicated by the numeral 78, and from whichdepends a flexible band 79 forsuspension of the counter-balancing weight80. Reinforcing bands 81, 82 around the upper and lower edges of theport 28 are connected, at circumferential intervals, by vertical straps83 in the same manner as described in connection with the port 27; whileprovisions are here also made in theform'of a guard 84v of wire forprotection of the valve sleeve 65. The thermostat 29 which automaticallycontrols operation of the valve sleeve 65 is detailed in Figs. VII andVIII and comprises, as shown, a pair of thermally- I sensitive barelements 85, 86. These elements 85, 86 are fashioned to channel sectionfrom suitable sheet material such as zinc plate, and joined togethermedially of their lengths by a screw bolt 87.

At the region of the juncture the side flanges of the elements 85, 86are cut away as at 88, 89 to facilitate individual bending for thepurposes of lateral expansion and contraction of the couple in the planeof Fig. VII. Also, to' assist contraction, the main webs of the elements85, 86 are reinforced crosswise of the cutouts88, 89 by flexure plates90, 91 of comparatively stiff sheet iron. A bar 92, likewise fashionedto channel cross-section but from sheet metal with a low co-efiicient ofexpansion; preferably iron, has its ends lapping over the ends of thebar element 85 as shown at 93, 94, and secured by screws 95, 96 tobrackets companion thermo-element 86 as'at 100, 101. To

the back of the bar 99 is attached a motionmultiplying arm 102 which ispierced to receive a screwl03 connecting the element 86 and the bar 99at their upper ends, and also at the-bottom where it and the connectedends of said element and bar are engaged on the screw 96 previouslymentioned. At its-extremeupper end, the motion multiplying arm 102(Figs; V and VI) is pierced for passage or" the shank of a link member105 providing connection with the cross piece 106 of the actuating lever71 for the valve sleeve 65 governing. the upper port 28 in the conduit25.- As shown, the shank of the link member 105 is threaded to take anadjusting'thumb nut 107' ahead of which a'co'iled spring 108 is placedto compensate for excess movement of the thermostat 29, when the valvesleeve 65 is in the normal or closed position over the port28. Inpractice,

the thermostat 29 is liberally proportioned so as to be highly sensitiveand'therefore capable of responding to very slightvariations oftemperature.

Through allocation of the various component parts of the system asexplained in connection with Fig. I, and by continuously exhausting aproportionate amount of air from a level near the floor of the chamberby wayof the lower port 27 of the conduit 25 under draftaction/circulation is induced within the chamber by convection in saiddirection generally indicated by the arrows in the illustration. Inother words, air heated by the pipe coil 21 rises at the rear of thechamber, then passes forwardly in the upper part of said chamber tocommingle with the fresh displacement air admitted through the intakes19,- 20at the top of the frontal 'wall'15. The fresh incoming: air,being cold, has a natural tendency togravitate, and; in flowingdownward, carries with it the heated air from the upper part of thechamber, this action being promoted in part through chillingof-theheatedairto a' certain extent incident to flow past the windows 1'7,"18. A proportionate amount of the recirculated air socarried downwardin the chamber -is drawn,

by draft action, through the lower or main port.

"by the pipe coils 21, with completion of the cycle.

Under this novel method of constant'circulation, it is evident. thatsubstantially uniform conditions of temperature and humidity are maintained at all levels within the chamber to the avoidance of stagnationin any part thereof. By angularly 'adjustingthe vane 48 on the lever 34(Figs. II and IIDfunctioning of the valve sleeve 30 may be so regulatedthat any desired rate of air replacement may be predetermined under thedraft action of the upward flow in the conduit 25. In the event that thetemperature within the chamber risesbeyond the point for which thethermostat 29 is adjusted, the upper port 28 in the conduit25'isgradually'opened automatically to permit escape of a certain amountofheated air'from the highest point in the chamber until the desireddegree of temperature is restored. The extreme sensitivity of the valveactuating mechanisms for the ports 27, 28 of the conduit 25 due toaccuracy of balance of the constituent parts, obviously insuresdependable operation regardless of changes inexternal' wind pressure orclimatic conditions.-

In themodified embodiment of my invention illustrated in Figs. IX XII,the vertical conduit 25a is square in cross section and open at the 1bottom-. The valve means for governing influx into the conduit 25athrough its open bottom, has here the form of a damper 30a with adiametral cross bar 105 whereof the ends'106 project through openingsatoppositesidesof said conduit. observed, are of knife edge configurationand rest in V-bearings afforded by triangular open The ends of the bar105, it will be ings 107 in fulcrum plates 108 which are secured to theconduit 25a by means of screws orrivets 109, see Fig. XII. A weight 110tends to maintain the damper 30a normallyin the vertical or openposition indicated in dotted lines-in Fig. IX against the influence ofthe upward exhaust flow in the conduit 25a, which, in -acting upon aperpendicular projecting vane 13a onthe dampper end of the conduit 25afor the purposes of temperature control, is likewise in the form of adamper-65a with a diametral cross bar 113 whereof the knife edge ends114 are supported by fulcrum plates 115 at opposite sides of the conduit25a. The thermostatshownat 29a is exactly like the thermostat 29 ofthefirst described embodiment, and its upwardarm 102a is connected tothe damper 65a, with-provision of adjustment, by means of a'link member105a similar to the link member 105 shown inF'igs. V and VI.

In Figs. XIII-XV which-show an alternative form of valve mechanismcapable of substitution for the type of lower or main portvalve'mec'hanism illustrated-in Figs. II and III, the valve sleeve 30bis attached-to a flexible strip 44b that contacts tangentially with thesectorarm 116 of a walking beam 43b whereto its'upper end is secured at451). To'the opposite sector arm 117 of the walking'beam 43b is secureda flexible strip 5gb with attached weights 53b for balancing the valvesleeve 30b and an associated vane 4817. This vane 48b corresponds to thevane 48 of the previously described embodiment, and is adapted to beinfluenced by the velocity of the exhaust air entering through the port27b and passing upward in the conduit 25b. The vane 48b in the presentinstance, consists of two counterpart substantially sem-circular halfcomponents 118 which are separated by a diametral interval and connectedat opposite ends by bridging U-bolts 119 as shown. The downturned innerand outer flanges 120 and 121 of the vane components 118 are pierced forpassage of a transverse pivot bolt ll 8 -supported by a link member122-which is interposed between the'end of the strap 44b and to that setforth in connection with the adjustment of the vane 48 in the firstdescribed embodiment. The walking beam 4%, it will be noted, has atransverse. fulcrum bar 37b whereof the knife edge ends rest in V-notchopenings 3% of lugs 40b projecting upwardly from the spacedside members123 of a composite supporting bar124 that extends diametrically of theconduit 25!), the ends of said side members being bent at right anglesand secured to the wall of the conduit 25?) by means of screw bolts 128.The walking beam 43b is held against lateral displacement by keeperpieces 129 that engage the ends of the fulcrum bar 372), as shown inFig. XV.

These keeper pieces 129 are secured to the supporting bar l24'by screws130 which also serve the lugs 401)., It will at once be apparent fromthe foregoing that the alternative form of valve mechanism justdescribed operates, inprecisely the same manner as the first describedtype of Figs. II and III, the advantage gained here being that the valvegoverning parts are entirely within the conduit 25?) so as to beeffectively protected against injury and against disturbance through mynovel apparatus as hereinbefore disclosed.

Having thus described my invention, I claim: 1; In ventilatingapparatus, an exhaust conduit with a circumferential port near the lowerend thereof, said conduit extending vertically,

from the floor and up through the ceiling of the chamber beingventilated, to the exterior; a coaxial valve sleeve for governing. thecircumferential port aforesaid; and means subject to the velocity of theexhaustflow in the conduit to automatically actuate thevalve sleeve forthe purposes of volume control.

. 2. In ventilating ,app aratus,an exhaust conduit with acircumferentialinflux port proximate trol including a counter-balancedsupporting lever with a vane thereon subject to the velocity of upwardexhaust flow in the conduit. i

3. In ventilating apparatus, an exhaust conduit with acircumferential'infiux port proximate the lower end thereof, saidconduit extending vertically from the floor and up through the ceilingof the chamber being ventilated to the exterior; a co-axial sleeve valvefor governing the circumferential influx port atithe lower end of theconduit; and means to automatically actuate the sleeve valve for thepurposes of volume control including a counter-balanced pended, and avane on said lever subject to the velocity of upward exhaust flow in theconduit.

4. In ventilating apparatus, an exhaust cone duit with a circumferentialinflux port near the lower end thereofQsaid conduit extending verticallyfrom the floor up through the ceiling of the chamber being ventilated tothe exterior;

a sleeve valve for governing the influx port at the lower end of theconduit; and means to antomatically actuate the sleeve valve for, thepurposes of volume control including a counterbalanced lever wherefromsaid sleeve valve is freely suspended, and a vane on said lever subjectto the influence of upward exhaust flow in the conduit, said vane beingangularly adjustable to regulate the action of the valve.

1 5. In ventilating apparatus, an exhaust'conduit with alateral influxport near the lower end thereof, said conduit, extending vertically froma level adjacently above the floor of the chamber being ventilated, andup through the ceiling to the exterior; a valve for. governing thelateral influx port near the lower end of the conduit; means toautomatically actuate the valve for the purposes of volume controlincluding a counterbalanced supporting lever witha vane thereon adaptedto respond to'the velocity of exhaust flow admitted through the lateralinflux port, and an apertured diaphragm with a pivoted cover disknormally closing the conduit at thebottom but movablefor cleaning outthe bottom -of said conduit.

6. In ventilating apparatus, an exhaust conduit extending vertically ofthe chamber being ventilated and up through the ceiling to the exterior,said conduit having a normally open influx port near the floor of thechamber, and a normally closed relief port near the ceiling of thechamber; valve means actuated by the velocity of upward exhaust flow inthe conduit to automatically govern the lower portffor the purposes ofvolume control; and thermostatically actuated valve means togovern'reliefjthrough the upper port for the purposes of automatic,temperature control. H

,'7.,In ventilating apparatus, a tubular exhaust conduitextendingvertically of the chamber being ventilated and up through the ceilingto, the ex terior, said conduit having a normally-open circumferentialinflux port adjacent the floorlevel of the chamber and a normally closedcircumferential relief port adjacent the ceilingofthe chamber; an axialvalve sleeve actuated by the velocity of upward exhaust flow in theconduit to automatically govern the lower port for the purposes ofvolume control; and athermostatically actuated valve sleeve toautomatically govern relief through theupper port of the conduit for thepurposes of temperature control.

8. In ventilating apparatus, an exhaust conduit extending verticallyfrom the floor and up through the ceiling of a chamber being ventilatedto the exterior; said conduit having a normally open circumferentialport adjacent the lower end thereof,-an internal co-axial sleeve valvefor governingsaid circumferential influx port; and means wholly .withinthe .conduit and subject to the velocity ofthe exhaust flow in saidconduit to automatically actuate the valve sleeve for I the purposes ofvolume control. lever wherefrom said sleeve valve is freely sus- PERRYs. MARTIN.

